Ideology is understood as beliefs, values and ideas. Most
link ideology to Communism due to the various texts written by Marx such as the
Communist Manifesto.
Much of ideology is based on politics and social structure
such as the class system. Production in the world is created because of social
structure and in order to have effective production in society there needs
to specific conditions. These conditions are effective because the previous
production is reproduced.
For instance, you
have a product, in order to obtain that product you have materials, the
materials are obtained from a merchant, that merchant has workers, those workers
get paid wages. The wages keep the workers returning in order to feed their family so that
their children will continue the job when they are gone. If this exact formula
is reproduced than it is reproduction of production.
Although with every formula
rules are applied in order to achieve the same outcome.
But with rules, or signifiers
comes user error due to metaphor. This is why ideology can produce different
results because people can have different beliefs, values and ideas based on
variables.
So Marx created 2
representations of ideology such as, ISA which is Ideological State Apparatus
and RSA: Repressive State Apparatus.
The ISA is described by Marx as
religious, educational, family, legal, political, trade-union, and
communications and cultural.Marx says that all of these
elements function together as Ideology, by beliefs, values and ideas. He goes
on to describe RSA.
RSA is described by Marx as, “the
Government, the Administration, the Army, the Police, the Courts, the Prisons
etc.” (Althusser, Ideology andIdeological State Apparatuses.)
Where
ISA is considered mainly ideology with little to no violence RSA is
considered violent, with the main word examined is repress. A current example of RSA is the Police brutality and Black Lives Matter movement.
Now
when examining media and media studies these topics fit under the Ideological
State Apparatus. For example media and media studies fits under communications. Communications can be heavily based on metaphor because of its basis on language.
When one studies media they realize that there are various different platforms where media can be expressed through language and through content. One platform can be social media such as twitter. When one writes on twitter sometimes their messages can be misconstrued because of how the reader interprets the text due to metaphor or preconceived ideas. Once again ideology is beliefs, values and ideas, therefore communications in this example is considered ISA.
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